Sediment
Loose particles of rock, mineral, and organic material that accumulate through processes of weathering and deposition.
Sediment
Sediment consists of solid particles that are transported and deposited by various natural processes, forming a fundamental component of Earth's geological and environmental systems.
Formation and Sources
Sediment primarily forms through:
- Weathering of existing rocks
- Erosion of soil and organic materials
- Biological Processes including shell formation and decomposition
- Chemical Precipitation in water bodies
Types and Classification
By Particle Size
- Clay (<0.002 mm)
- Silt (0.002-0.063 mm)
- Sand (0.063-2 mm)
- Gravel (>2 mm)
By Origin
- Clastic Sediment - from rock fragments
- Biogenic Sediment - from organic remains
- Chemical Sediment - from mineral precipitation
Transport and Deposition
Sediment movement occurs through various agents:
- Water Flow
- Wind Transport
- Glacial Movement
- Gravity (mass wasting)
The process of Sedimentation occurs when transport energy decreases, allowing particles to settle according to their size and density.
Environmental Significance
Sediments play crucial roles in:
- Formation of Sedimentary Rock
- Soil Formation
- Aquatic Ecosystems
- Carbon Cycle through organic matter burial
- Water Quality through turbidity and nutrient transport
Human Impact and Management
Human activities affecting sediment dynamics include:
Applications and Study
Sediment analysis provides valuable information for:
Understanding sediment processes is essential for: